An automated system designed to enhance traction on a Transport for Wales (TfW) train failed to function properly in the lead-up to a fatal crash in mid-Wales on 21st October, according to an initial report from the Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB).
The RAIB’s update revealed that hoses, which were intended to release sand to improve wheel grip when braking, were “blocked” on the TfW train involved in the incident.
Both TfW and Network Rail emphasised the importance of waiting for the final investigative findings, stating that it is “fundamental that we await the findings of the full report.”
The incident occurred as the affected train, traveling between 15 and 24 mph, collided head-on with another TfW train moving at around 6 mph. Tragically, 66-year-old passenger David Tudor Evans lost his life, while four others sustained serious injuries. Eleven additional passengers required hospital treatment for less severe injuries.
Both trains involved were two-carriage Class 158 units. The westbound train with the malfunctioning sanding system was en route to Aberystwyth and was supposed to stop in a loop to allow an eastbound train to pass on the single-track Cambrian line.
Data from the on-board recorder shows that the train’s driver began braking near the loop, at which point the wheels started sliding. Despite engaging the emergency brake shortly thereafter, the train continued sliding for about 900 meters downhill, ultimately colliding with the other train.
A close family friend of Mr. Evans, who wished to remain unnamed, expressed concerns over the preliminary findings. “The report clearly points to system failures. This raises serious concerns. Given these findings, I would support an independent or public inquiry to thoroughly examine all aspects of the incident and identify what went wrong,” they said.
Reflecting on Mr. Evans, the friend added: “He was a wonderful person, full of energy and love for life. He was a passionate cyclist, very active, and enjoying his retirement. It’s heartbreaking that his life was cut short.”
The RAIB stated that the investigation will delve into multiple factors, including the train’s sanding system, performance of the trains, and policies of both TfW and Network Rail in managing wheel slide risks.
In the wake of the crash, Network Rail deployed a railhead treatment train along the line and loop the night before to address leaf fall—a common autumn hazard known to reduce traction. Crushed leaves, when compressed on damp rails, form a slick layer that can severely impair train grip, often requiring speed restrictions to prevent accidents.
TfW and Network Rail released a joint statement affirming their “full cooperation” with the RAIB, British Transport Police, and the Office of Rail and Road. “While the investigations are ongoing, we are committed to working closely with investigators to fully understand the events leading up to this tragic incident. Our priority remains the safety of our customers and staff,” the statement read. They also noted that enhanced safety checks were conducted before reopening the Cambrian line on 28th October.
